1) The context promotes you to send a
message the source of this promotes maybe a letter, e-mail, telephone call or
even a casual conversation.
2) Sender/ Encoder/ Source: When you send a message, you are the encoder, the writer or
speaker, depending on whether your message is written or oral.
3) Encoding:
Encoding means putting ideas into message. As a sender you use symbols that
express your message so, that the receiver will understand it and react with
the response you desire the sender decides which symbols best convey the
message.
4) Message:
Message is the major part of the communication process. It is the core idea you
wish to communicate, when we write, writing is the message. When we speak
speech is the message. When we use body language gestures are the message.
5) Medium/ Channel: You select a channel to send your message the choice of medium is
influenced by the relationship between the sender and the receiver. The written
channel is often preferred, when the message is long technical or formal in
nature the oral channel is effective when the message is urgent or personal or
when immediate feedback is important.
6) Receiver: The
message receiver is your reader or listener, also known as the decoder. Many to
your message may have more then one decoder.
7) Decoding:
Decoding means taking ideas out of the message. When a receiver decodes a
message, he understand it.
8) Feedback: Ultimately
the receiver reacts with either the desired response based on a clear
understanding of the symbols or with an undesired response because of
miscommunication. Feedback can be oral or written. Sometimes silence is used as
feedback sender node feedback in order to determine the success or failure of
the communication.
TYPES OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
·
Appearance: Appearance means how one looks, our
physical charm impresses people. This thing effects our behavior, our clothing
and our style all shape our appearance.
·
Stand
tall with your weight on bath feet and shoulders back.
·
Face Expression: It reveals the type and intensity of
our feelings. These feelings may be of love, hatred, joy, sorrow, anger, fear,
surprise and boredom.
·
Gestures: Any movement of hands, arms, head
and shoulders is called gestures. We communicate through nod of the head, shake
of the head, handshakes and point of the finger etc.
·
Eye Behavior: Eye are especially effective for
indicating attention and interest. Eye contact shows confidence of a person.
Eye are a reliable source of meaning.
·
Touching Behavior: Touch is an important tool for
conveying comfort friendship, love, anger, hatred and affection. A slap, a
punch, a pat, a pull and a push convey different message.
·
Time: Time can be used to claim authority,
in many cultures people show respect by being on time.
·
This
personal space is generally guarded. Going too close to many annoy them.
·
Smell: Smell gives a strong message it mood
of a person. Fragrance gives a pleasant message. Skink gives an unpleasant
message, smell may also warn against gas leakage etc.
·
Silence: Silence also gives a message. If
someone remains silent to our question. We do not feel good, silence may convey
approval respect, fear and seriousness.
Standard Parts Of A Formal Letter: A formal letter has the following
standard parts;
Heading Letterhead And Date: A heading shows where the letter
comes from with the date on the last line. It shows the name fall address
telephone number and e-mail address of the sending organization. It may be
capitalized the receiver of the letter knows at a glance where the letter was
written. Usually the date is typed two line of the letterhead at the left
margin.
·
15
– 12 – 2021
·
15
– December – 2021
·
December
– 15 – 2021
Inside Address: The inside address includes the
name, designation and address of the individual to whom you are writing order
of items is;
1)
Courtesy Title
2)
Name
3)
Designation
4)
Address
The
traditional courtesy titles are Mr., Mrs., Miss and Ms.
Salutation: The salutation is typed on the
second line below the inside address, two lines above the body and even with
the left margin common salutation are:
o
Dear
Sir/ Madam, Dear Sirs,
o
Dear
Mr. Ali and Dear Ali.
A comma or
colon follows the salutation. The use of the term “Dear” is purely formal and
is polite expression, not necessarily implying and special affection.
Body: This is, of course, the letter
itself, it contains information in the shape of sentences and paragraphs.
Complimentary Close: A letter must not end abruptly simply
with the writer’s name. this would look rude. So, certain forms of polite leave
taking are as fellows:
o
Sincerely
yours, yours sincerely,
o
Very
truly yours, your very truly.
Complimentary
close must be written below the last words of the letter and to the right side
of the page.
Signature Area: you can include in the signature
area several identifications your signature, your typewritten and your business
title your signature is pen written above your typed name.
CV And Resume: A CV or resume is short written
description of your education, qualifications, previous jobs and sometimes also
your personal interests that you send to your employer when you are trying to
get a job curriculum vitae is a Latin expression which can be translated as
“the course of life”. The word “resume” comes from French meaning “summarized”
or “summary”. The difference between a CV and resume is that a CV is used in UK
while a resume is used in the US. Content and layout of resumes vary. There is
no best type focus on job related achievement. Push the positive but be honest.
Ø Opening Section Heading: Information in the heading tells the reader where you can be
contacted.
Ø Job Or Carrier Objective: So far as this part is concerned you should try for a single
sentence statement.
Ø Education:
Here are some recommendation regarding what to include under the heading
education.
·
Include
school, college and university names, locations, dates attended and
certificates and degrees earned.
·
Insert
abbreviations for your degree.
Ø Work Experience: The third section of resume is usually devoted to work experience. Here
include information that helps employers evaluate whether you have the
necessary background for a current position. List your jobs in reverse
chronological order put the present or most recent one first keep in mind the
following point.
·
Insert
your position and title besides each company.